snap jewelry charms wholesale I want to know what is going on with private equity investment? How to invest? How do I make money after investment? thank you all

wholesale jewelry supplies dallas In my country, generally speaking, private equity funds refer to investment funds that raised funds and set up operations for minority investors (non -disclosure) for minority investors.
The private placement (Private Placement) is privately raised or privately available. The meaning of privately is as follows: First, you cannot advertise. Second, it can only be raised from specific objects. The so -called specific objects have two meanings. One is that the other party has the ability to control the risk of risk, and the other is that the other party is an institution or person in a specific industry or a specific category. Third, the number of private equity raises is generally relatively small, such as less than 200 people.
Compared with public funds such as closed funds and open funds, private equity funds have very distinctive characteristics. It is also the advantages that these characteristics have enabled public funds.

First, private equity funds raised funds through non -public ways. In the United States, public funds such as common funds and pension funds generally use public media to advertise customers. According to relevant regulations, private equity funds shall not use any communication media for advertising. Reliable news, or directly understand the form of fund managers.

Secondly, on the raised object, the object of private equity funds is only a few specific investors. Although the circle is small, it is not low. For example, in the United States, hedge funds have very strict regulations for participants: if they participate in their personal names, their annual annual income in the past two years is at least $ 200,000; if they participate in the name of the family, the family's income in the past two years will be at least 300,000 The US dollar is above the US dollar; if you participate in the name of an institution, its net assets are at least 1 million US dollars, and there are corresponding restrictions on the number of participants. Therefore, private equity funds have a targeted investment goal, which is more like investment service products tailored for middle -class investors.

third, different from the strict information disclosure requirements of public funds. The requirements of private equity funds are much lower, and government supervision is also relatively loose. Therefore It is also more flexible, and the chance of getting high returns is even greater.

Is a significant feature of private equity funds is that fund sponsor and manager must invest in fund management companies with their own funds. Whether the fund operation is closely related to their own interests. From the perspective of the current approach of international traffic, fund managers generally hold a fund of 3 % -

5 % of the shares. Once a loss occurs, the shares owned by the manager will be used to pay participants first Therefore, the sponsor, manager, and fund of private equity funds are a community of interests of lip tooth, glory and disgrace, and the common interests of the common interests. Organizational form

1. Company -style

has a complete corporate structure, and its operation is more formal and standardized. At present, corporate private equity funds (such as "a certain investment company") can be established in China. Semi -open private equity funds can also operate more conveniently in some kind of change. There is no need to accept strict approval and supervision, and the investment strategy can be more flexible.

For example:

(1) Establish a "investment company", the business scope of the "investment company" includes the investment of securities;

(2) Do not have a lot of shareholders of the "investment company", and the amount of contributions must be relatively large, which not only guarantees the nature of private equity, but also has a large scale of capital;

(3) "Investment Company" The funds are paid by the fund manager management. According to international practice, the manager charges fund management fees and benefits incentives, and enters the operating cost of "investment company";

(4) "Investment Company" Registered capital is registered once a certain time at a certain time, and the capital increase and shareholding or reducing shares of the capital will be redeemed. At other time, investors can transfer or go -counter transactions. The "investment company" is essentially a corporate private equity fund that is expanded at any time, but only redeem once a year.

However, corporate private equity funds have a disadvantage, that is, double taxation. The methods to overcome the shortcomings are:

(1) Register private equity funds in the paradise of tax avoidance, such as Cayman and Bermuda;

(2) Register to be a high -tech enterprise (enjoy a lot of discounts) and register in places where taxes are more preferential;

(3) By borrowing, that is, in the establishment of the fund, united or acquired one of the tax benefits to enjoy tax discounts Enterprise (preferably non -listed company) and use it as a carrier.

2. Contract

The organizational structure of the contract fund is relatively simple. The specific method can be:

(1) As a manager of the fund, the securities company selects a bank as its custodian; Start operation, open once a month, announce a net worth of fund holders once, and handle a fund redemption;

(3) In order to attract fund investors, the handling fee should be reduced as much as possible. Securities companies should be as much as possible. As a fund manager, a certain amount of management fees are charged according to the performance. The advantage is

The dual taxation can be avoided. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to avoid the approval and supervision of the securities management department for establishing and operation.

3. Virtual

The surface of virtual private equity funds looks like commissioned financial management, but it is actually operated according to the fund. For example, when the virtual private equity fund is established and expanded, it is apparently signed a commission financial agreement with each customer, but these entrusted financial accounts are jointly operated by the fund. Clear according to the net value of the fund. The specific approach can be:

(1) Each fund holder opens a sub -account in its personal name;

(2) Fund holder shall jointly contribute Establish a main account;

(3) As the manager of the fund, the securities company will manage each account uniformly, and the net value of all accounts is uniformly calculated;

(4) securities company Try to make the actual market value of each account is equal to the market value calculated based on the net value of the fund unit. If the two are not equal, the capital difference between the main account and the sub -account is balanced during redemption.

The advantages of virtual types are that the securities management department can avoid the approval and supervision of fund establishment and operation, set up flexible establishment, and avoid double taxation. The disadvantage is that they still have not got rid of the restraint of entrusted financial management. In terms of fundraising, they need to be further standardized. In terms of funds, they are still supervised by securities management departments in the operation of funds.

4. Combination

In order to give play to the superiority of the above three organizational forms, a fund combination can be set up to combine several forms of organization. There are 4 types of combination funds:

(1) Company -type and virtual combination;

(2) Company -type and contract -type combination;

(3) The combination of contract type and virtual type;

(4) Company, contract -type and virtual combination.

three major paths for the development of private equity funds in China

private equity funds are important participants in the capital market. According to their connotation, they can generally be divided into hedge funds, private equity funds and entrepreneurial investment funds. (It can also be called a venture capital fund). Chinese private equity funds usually refer to institutional investors who are engaged in the securities market and are formed by non -public fund -raising. It is estimated that the scale of private equity funds in my country's A-share market is about 500 billion yuan, and the large amount of single funds with a large scale is estimated to be about 200,000 to 300 million yuan. With the in -depth development of my country's securities market and the competition of investment institutions of foreign backgrounds, my country's private equity funds are also facing structural changes. The three fund model mentioned above will be the direction of structural changes in my country's private equity funds.

. The reform of equity distribution provides conditions for the rise of private equity funds

The reform of equity distribution is the government's set goal. After the reform, the number of stock markets in my country's stock market will be 3 to 4 times before the reform. The acquisition between listed companies will also be much simpler than before the whole circulation. The pressure on hostile acquisitions (Hostile

) will also force the management of existing listed companies to work closer to shareholders to avoid the passive situation of being acquired. In addition, after the full circulation of stocks, in order to achieve the purpose of industrial expansion, mutual acquisitions between listed companies will also become easier and more economical.

. In general, the acquisition of listed companies will have a greater impact on its financial structure and cause changes in stock prices. This change will inevitably change the investment model of private equity funds. Some of these private equity funds may focus on such businesses, and have transformed from the current general speculative private equity funds to a specialized partner fund (M

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