wholesale jewelry fashion district What are the five major investment banks in Wall Street?

wholesale jewelry san francisco powell street I answered it, just 5 days from September 15th to 20th this year, it is undoubtedly a week that shocked the world. The Wall Street Financial Layer, which has been gradually formed in the past 200 years, is undergoing great changes in "carpet". Bankruptcy and alternative mergers and acquisitions are the keywords of Wall Street this week. Lehman Brothers, with a glorious history of 158 years, fell down, Merrill Lynch Group Yizhuo Bank of America, Damo also passed on seeking mergers; insurance giants, USA International Group (AIG), was finally aid by the government; Banks are also looking for buyers to avoid bankruptcy and hard work ... There are more bad news on the road on the road. Wall Street financial institutions, which once proudly created wealth and capital myths, have now been panic globally.n
n
The end of the giant eran
n
"The current situation is extremely confusing, not just fear. People who have written business news for many years have never seen such a situation." "Fortune" magazine reporter Andy Serwer Speaking.n
n
The dramatic scenes of Wall Street have been rescued and bankrupt. On September 14, Merrill Lynch Group, the third largest investment bank in the United States, sold to the United States for a total of US $ 50 billion. On the 15th, the fourth largest investment bank Lehman brothers announced bankruptcy protection and created the world's largest bankruptcy case. Subsequently, British Bank of England announced that approximately $ 1.75 billion acquired Lehman's investment banking business in North America.n
n
It again in March a few months ago, Lehman and Merrill Lynch's "difficult brothers and brothers" Bersden were forced to sell to JP Morgan Chase for ultra -low prices for being in a financial crisis. At this point, the three of the five major investment banks in Wall Street in the past have no longer existed, and only Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley still "survived" as independent.n
n
, although Goldman Sachs and Damo have announced the seasonal reports that are better than expected this week, with the deterioration of the situation in the past few days, investors and customers are more worried about the fate of these two "survivors". John Obrin, senior vice president of MKM Partners, said: "Everyone is worried about who is the next. It feels like everyone looks at the ledger and discusses who is the next goal that can be short. So panic is constantly spreading."n
n
rumors of the market on the market in the past two days. It is rumored that Damo is in contact with the fourth largest commercial bank in the United States to discuss the possibility of mergers. It is also reported that Morgan Stanley is negotiating with China CITIC Group, and other possible acquirers also include HSBC.n
n
The market participants believe that in the environment where leverage operations and risk preferences are reduced, the era of investment banks (188,4.34,2.37%, bar) has passed. Without the savings of commercial banks for guarantee, huge risk exposure seemed to be weak under the financial crisis. If you want to survive, alliance with traditional commercial banks may be the magic weapon of investment banks. Commercial banks and investment banks separated from risk control at the beginning of the last century may re -unify due to the crisis in the early new century.n
n
Who made financial monstersn
n
Prior to the outbreak of the crisis, residential mortgage bonds (MBS), mortgage guarantee bonds (CMO), guarantee debt vouchers (CDO) such as mortgage bonds (MBS), mortgage bonds (CMO), It has become a financial monster that makes people talk about.n
n
"What are these derivative tools? What are the basic assets? What are their risks? In fact, no one knows." Wang Jun, chief financial expert of the World Bank East Asia Pacific Financial Development Bureau.n
n
Is when the secondary loan was in the middle of the 1990s, the Lehman brothers were the first Wall Street Investment Bank to actively advance to this field. In 1995, the Lehman brothers provided financing to the First Alliance mortgage company and underwritten the subprime -loan -related securities. Although the First Alliance later, due to poor risk control and investigation by the regulatory authorities and finally closed, Lehman continued to merge other secondary mortgage loan companies. Since then, Merrillin, Belsden and other institutions have followed Lehman and acquired sub -loans through different channels to meet their securitization appetite.n
n
The monetary policy adopted by the Fed in the Greens Pan era made this capital game completely evolved into a gambling. Cao Honghui, director of the Financial Market Research Office of the Institute of Finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that after 2001, the Fed implemented a low interest rate policy. At the same time, the US housing prices rose strongly and the scale of subprime loans expanded rapidly. The US dollar, coupled with the irrational prosperity of real estate and the enthusiasm for investment in securities such as MBS and CDO. This not only causes prosperity, but also has a crisis.n
n
Is when the loan company has a lot of income, investment banks also make a lot of money. However, when the Fed gradually increased interest rates in June 2004, the interest rate of housing loans also increased accordingly, and the situation began to reverse. Interest rates increase the pressure of the original qualifications that are not so good. When the loan interest rate is redesigned with the decline in housing prices, the rise in default rate is inevitable.n
n
Under the high leveraged effect, a double -magnified loan derivative product encountered severe risk exposure. Belsden and Lehman, who had led the mortgage securities in absorbing and issuing mortgage securities, were the most impacting. Until August, Lehman's account had $ 50 billion in mortgage -related securities.n
n
Wang Jun said: "Even if financial institutions executives and directors may not understand the true meaning of these financial derivatives. In this case, how to manage and control risks in financial institutions is undoubtedly a challenge. It is possible that financial institutions themselves themselves themselves themselves themselves themselves themselves. It is often doubtful. "n
n
While risk spread ton
n
The financial crisis that started a year ago is now entering a more severe new stage. The Wall Street Journal pointed out that the recent turmoil did not largely derive the default of sub -mortgage loans, but from CDS (Credit Defense Sales), that is, insurance companies such as AIG sold to those companies that seeks default protection for protection. Insurance contracts.n
n
The CDS market today is 100 times that of 2001, with a scale of $ 6.2 trillion. As the main participant of CDS, Lehman's impact on CDS is self -evident. If a chain reaction occurs, it may lead to the huge unprepared risk exposure of some investors. The premiums of the CDS bond market have reached a record high recently, which also means that the bond market's unbelievable degree of non -trust in US corporate bonds has reached unprecedented.n
n
The hedge funds are relying on borrowing funds to expand their income. Because various banks are facing pressure, the sources of such funds from many hedge funds are blocked, which has squeezed their profits. In addition, the number of investors steering from hedge funds is decreasing, and some people are withdrawn. These may lead to more hedge funds in the future and have to sell investment, thereby further exacerbating market pressure.n
n
The US financial turmoil swept away, and the Chinese economy could not be alone.n
In overnight, the financial tsunami strikes, and the chain effect of the subprime crisis completely breaks the myth of Wall Street.n
n
The financial turmoil caused by the losses caused by the plunge in American houses, loans and other housing -related asset values, and the momentum of righteousness swept up, causing strong concerns about investors, and the world's major stock markets have plummeted. China, which is gradually integrated into the global financial system, the economic development model is still outgoing. The total import and export value exceeds 60%of the GDP. With the end of the US national borrowing money consumption model, "Made in China" will be affected. So, will the financial crisis on the other side of the ocean dragging China also dragged China? Relevant experts believe that the financial turmoil will impact the Chinese economy from two aspects: market confidence and external environment.n
n
In impact one.n
n
US consumption reduction affects China's exportn
n
The closure of Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch were acquired to the same vein from the subprime mortgage crisis that started last year. From the perspective of many experts, this incident is only a wave of waves in the whole crisis. Looking at, its impact on the Chinese economy is actually the continuation of the subprime crisis on China's macroeconomic impact.n
n
The deputy director of the World Financial Research Office of the World Economic and Political Research Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences, Zhang Bin said in an interview with this reporter that he can understand the impact of this crisis on our country from two aspects: export and import.n
n
The exports, it can be expected that the external environment of my country's macroeconomics will be more severe due to the financial turmoil that sweeps Wall Street. According to the import and export data of the General Administration of Customs, in the first eight months of this year, the decline in my country's foreign trade exports has slowed down. As the United States is the largest export market in Chinese goods, China ’s foreign trade exports have been rushing to high in July to July. The growth rate will be tested. Zhang Bin said that the decline in foreign consumers means that foreign consumers have declined at the same time as high value -added products and low value -added products. In this environment, exporters are likely to have no dynamic innovation technology, but are forced to maintain market share by lowering product prices, which may cause further deterioration of China's export enterprises' trade conditions.n
n
The analysis at the same time, due to the impact of the financial crisis, the US economy is still likely to decline in the second half of the year, resulting in its national consumption capacity and consumption desire to continue to decrease, and investment expenditures will increase. "This is China The foreign trade export is not a good news. "If the consumption demand of the United States has decreased and the manufacturing industry gradually restores vitality due to increased investment, then the number of imports from China will inevitably reduce the number of imports from China.n
n
In impact two.n
n
In the cost of imported goods in Chinan
n
It imports, the impact brought by the financial turmoil is closely related to the US dollar exchange rate. At present, almost all commodities in the international market are priced at the US dollar. From the perspective of the data, as the recent reversal of the US dollar has gradually reversed and stronger, the prices of crude oil, iron ore and other products have shown a downward trend. Merrillin's acquisition is unexpected, coupled with the "two -bedroom" announced by the US government a week ago, the repeated turbulence in the US financial market has seriously affected the trend of the US dollar exchange rate and the confidence of holders.n
n
The deputy dean of the School of Economics and professor of financial sciences of Fudan University also believes that although the US economic situation performed in the second quarter than expected, it shows sufficient toughness, but this is due to the strong export brought by the weak US dollar weakness. As a result, when the financial turmoil strikes and domestic demand is weakened, the US government will continue to promote exports under the "vulnerable dollar" and reserve room for further interest rate cuts to the Fed.n
n
Zhang Bin said that although the mid -to -long period is still optimistic about the strong US economy and the US dollar exchange rate, the policy of weak US dollars in the short term seems to be recognized by the market. In this way, the prices of resource products such as crude oil and iron ore It will be pushed again, and the cost of imports in the import of large dollars in the US dollar is also greatly increased.n
n
In impact three.n
n
The concentration of domestic financial market confidencen
n
To Guo Tianyong, director of the China Banking Research Center of Central University of Finance and Economics, said that the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers is the continuation of the US subprime debt crisis, and the losses and vibrations that bring financial institutions are quite large. The assets exceeded hundreds of billions of dollars, and the information resources were extremely rich. Such large investment banks also closed down, showing the seriousness of the crisis. "Different financial institutions have suffered different degrees of losses. What is distinguished is only the amount of losses, such as the Lehman brothers, including the" two rooms "taken over by the US government and Belsden, which was acquired by JP Morgan Chase in March, etc. , But instead of estimating the direct loss of investors, it is better to consider a crackdown on confidence in the financial market.n
n
It specific to China, Guo Tianyong believes that at the two levels, the first level is market confidence. The institutions that have a big problem in the United States have successively went bankrupt and psychologically attached a shadow on Chinese investors.n
n
It can be confirmed that the day after the news of the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers, it was just a three -day holiday in the Mid -Autumn Festival. "To describe, the ICBC fell 9.95%, the Construction Bank fell 9.94%, and the Bank of China fell 9.17%. Under the vertical blows of multi -profit news, bank stocks of Shanghai and Shenzhen City fell more than 9.0%throughout the day, up to 8 bank stocks to fall. According to the latest information disclosed yesterday, China Merchants Bank, which has fell on the 16th, has held a total of 70 million US dollars in bonds issued by Lehman Brothers. And the company has not prepared for impairment of the above bonds.n
n
In impact four 1.n
n
Prend direct losses to domestic financial institutionsn
n
The direct impact of Lehman brothers bankruptcy on domestic financial institutions, including two aspects: on the one hand, my country's financial institutions and investors hold more sub -bonds to form actual losses; on the other hand, finance, finance The crisis leads to decline in the United States, and it will be transmitted to China.n
n
) The former executive editor -in -chief of the North American Edition, the senior visiting scholar of the School of Journalism and Communication of Tsinghua University, Robert Daolin () expressed his exclusive interview with our reporter. The concerns of the Chinese banking industry of institutional stocks and funds.n
n
In the bankruptcy documents, the top 30 unsecured creditors of the Lehman brothers are mainly Asian financial institutions, including Japan's AOZORA Bank, Central Mitsui Trust, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial, Ruisui Industrial Bank, Xinjin Central Silves, domestic financial institutions among domestic financial institutions Bank of China was once again involved. According to reports, Lehman's arrears to Japan's AOZORA Bank reached US $ 462 million, and the owed amount of Ruisui Industrial Bank reached US $ 382 million. Zeng led Lehman to loan 50 million US dollars.n
n
"Wall Street's financial turmoil will also largely slow down China's economic growth. After the Olympic Games, China's economic growth has slowed down," Daolin said. "The US financial turmoil will only make this problem even more problematic. Severe. The financial storm caused the U.S. stock index to plummet, and the Chinese government has bought a large number of stocks on Wall Street, and Chinese banks and fund companies have also bought a large number of US funds. In addition, the difficulty of loans caused by the financial crisis will directly affect China ’s China’ s difficulties in China Trade export. "n
n
"In fact, China's macroeconomic decline now is due to domestic economic factors, and some are indeed from the United States, from external." Guo Tianyong said, "We talk about input -type inflation, in fact Economic decline is also input in a sense, because the United States is the world's largest economy, and its demand for goods and investment in various countries will be very large. The economy of many major countries has declined or the economy has declined. "24785 hopes to help you!

wholesale jewelry boxes canada The arrival of the Digital Asset Bank era of Wall Street Fund Investment Bank

The widespread application of blockchain technology has made the world's financial markets changing rapidly. To this end, it has attracted close attention from various financial fields. Technology finance has affected the tradition The development of the banking industry, many banking business has begun to carry out services such as key technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and biometrics.
The total market value of global encrypted digital assets is nearly 20 million US dollars. In the future, it is still growing. Safety has the management and value -added services of encrypted digital assets. Professional digital asset banks provide financial services. In September 2019, the world's first legal compliance encrypted digital asset bank, Wall Street Fund Investment Bank, came into being.
The UNTIED States Wall Street Fund Bank, a registered capital of 1 billion U.S. dollars. After 3 years of review, it was approved by the US government and obtained a digital currency business certificate issued by the US government. Asset management and financial service agencies, banks operate in accordance with the law, pursue excellence in quality, provide customers with various digital currency business of security, professional and convenient, based on the bank's own more than 10 years of traditional financial experience, combined with digital finance advantages, actively promote the global economy. develop.
Must of the Wall Street Fund Investment Bank of the United States has the permissions of legal issuance of digital assets. Asset is based on blockchain technology, relying on real estate asset securitization, and constant digital assets issued. Taking ASSET as a universal asset and widely used in each service of the bank, ASSET will simplify the process of encrypted assets flow. This promotes the smooth circulation of global assets.
Colocating digital asset storage and value -added services is the core service of the Wall Street Fund Investment Bank. Users can obtain: storage of encrypted digital assets, which can obtain: storage and interest, free entry and exit, and stable returns. Because banks' own strong quantitative transactions, digital asset loans, leverage trading and other financial businesses can be charged a certain procedure fee.
Meos Street Fund Fund Investment Bank Based on the mature smart contract technology of the blockchain, it actively realizes the free circulation between digital assets and living consumption. The convenient application of entertainment, art collection, medical care and other industries will open up services. The ultimate goal of the Wall Street Fund Investment Bank will build a social and commercial consensus system with blockchain intelligent contracts as the carrier.
If according to the development plan, users first enjoy the various financial value -added services of the Wall Street Fund Investment Bank. In the next year, the kernel application ecosystem is open. It is planned to spread most of the world's countries within two years. The number of inclusive users exceeds 6 million The Wall Street Fund Investment Bank will become a super commercial economy and will be a miracle creator in the global encryption asset field.

wholesale southern boutique jewelry Goldman Sachs
Morgan Stanley
Meilin
Lehman brothers